Abstract

A key factor in raising the caliber of human resources is education, according to expectations in order to increase development with successful (determined by educated human resources). Education is one way to improve the quality of human independence, but education will be affected because the workplace can respond negatively to factors by engaging in workplace deviant behavior. This study examines how workplace spirituality and ethical leadership can lessen workplace deviant behavior, with organizational commitment acting as a mediating factor. The research is conducted in the education sector, specifically in universities. A questionnaire is used as the data gathering tool in this qualitative study. The quota sampling method was used in this research, with 216 respondents selected from three Islamic universities in Purwokerto. The analysis in this research uses the Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) application. The results of the study show that deviant behavior in the workplace is significantly and negatively impacted by workplace spirituality and ethical leadership. Furthermore, the results show that workplace deviant behavior is significantly and negatively impacted by organizational commitment. Then, some findings indicate that workplace spirituality and ethical leadership have a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment. Other findings indicate that workplace spirituality and ethical leadership have a relationship that is mediated by organizational commitment, and that workplace deviant behavior and ethical leadership are mediated by organizational commitment.

Keywords

  • Workplace Deviant Behavior
  • Ethical Leadership
  • Workplace Spirituality
  • Organizational

References

  1. Ahmed, M. (2022). Workplace Spirituality – A Literature Review. 13(6), 187–193.
  2. Al Halbusi, H., Ruiz-Palomino, P., Jimenez-Estevez, P., & GutiΓ©rrez-Broncano, S. (2021). How Upper/Middle Managers’ Ethical Leadership Activates Employee Ethical Behavior? The Role of Organizational Justice Perceptions Among Employees. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652471
  3. Alam, M., GUL, F., & IMRAN, D. M. (2021). The Impact of Ethical Leadership & Civility on Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 8(1), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.46662/jass-vol8-iss1-2021(173-188)
  4. Alkatya, D. R., Soelton, M., Puspaningrum, A., Hokroh, M., & Arief, H. (2020). Ethical Leadership Anomaly On Organizational Commitment In The Indonesian FDA. Jurnal Doktor Manajemen (JDM), 3(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.22441/jdm.v3i1.10145
  5. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Organizational Commitment : Career Stage Effects ? Evidence of. 61, 49–61.
  6. Amen, U., & Raziq, A. (2019). Impact of workplace spirituality on organizational commitment with mediating effect of job satisfaction: A case study on higher education sector. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 9(1), 26–38. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-workplace-spirituality-on-organizational/docview/2264570102/se-2?accountid=10901%0Ahttps://fiu-flvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/openurl/01FALSC_FIU/01FALSC_FIU:FIU?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt
  7. Amin, S., Situngkir, S., & Mala Fithriani AIRA, D. (2021). Minimizing Workplace Deviant Behaviors through Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Commitment: A Case Study in Indonesia*. Journal of Asian Finance, 8(5), 1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no5.1119
  8. Astuti, R. J., Maryati, T., & Harsono, M. (2020). The Effect of Workplace Spirituality on Workplace Deviant Behavior and Employee Performance: The Role of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 1017–1026. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO12.1017
  9. Bagis, F. (2022). Examine The Effect of Job Satisfaction On The Performance Of Hospital Employess Through Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 2022(4), 2276–2283.
  10. Bagis, F., Darmawan, A., Pratamasari, M. A., & Kusuma, F. A. (2023). Cyberloafing Behavior and Self Control on the Performance of Islamic Clinic Employees: Organizational Commitment as Mediation. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 06(06), 2774–2782. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v6-i6-42
  11. Bagis, F., Dianti, L., Darmawan, A., & Rahmawati, D. V. (2020). the Effect of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Culture and Work Stress on Organizational Commitment To Civil Servants At the Regional Secretariat of Pemalang Regency. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 4(3), 343–353. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR
  12. Bian, Y. (2021). Can Ethical Leadership Reduce Workplace Deviant Behavior? Proceedings of the 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021), 543(Icssed), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.077
  13. Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
  14. Brown, M. E., TreviΓ±o, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
  15. Budiman, B., Ardianty, S., Wigati, I., Baharudin, B., & Abdul Aziz, S. F. (2022). Workplace Deviant Behaviour of Healthcare Workers in Islamic Hospital. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 8(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i2.13674
  16. Cindra, W. N. P., & Artha, W. I. M. (2021). THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT TO MEDIATE THE INFLUENCE OF WORK – LIFE BALANCE AND WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY AT PT. PUSPASARI PERKASA. Eurasia: Economics & Business, 12(December), 3–15.
  17. Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An Interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
  18. Fagbenro, D. A., & Olasupo, M. O. (2020). Quality of Family Life and Workplace Deviant Behaviour with Perceived Competence as a Mediator among University Staff. NaΕ‘e Gospodarstvo/Our Economy, 66(2), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2020-0008
  19. Fenwick, T., & Lange, E. (1998). Spirituality in the Workplace: The New Frontier of HRD. Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 12(1), 63–87. http://search.proquest.com/docview/62456069?accountid=16562%5Cnhttp://sfx.cineca.it:9003/sfxbic3?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&sid=ProQ:ProQ:ericshell&atitle=Spirituality+in+the+Workplace:+The+New+Frontier+of+
  20. Fuji Hakiki, M., & Putri Senjani, Y. (2022). the Effect of Workplace Spirituality on Audit Quality With Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment As a Mediation Variable. Accounting Research Journal of Sutaatmadja (ACCRUALS, 06, 93–107. https://doi.org/10.35310/accruals.v6i01.880%0Ahttps://ojs.stiesa.ac.id/index.php/accruals/index
  21. Jha, J. K., & Singh, M. (2019). Exploring the mechanisms of influence of ethical leadership on employment relations. IIMB Management Review, 31(4), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2019.07.010
  22. Kumari, T., & S.K., J. (2021). A Theoretical Review Of Deviant Workplace Behavior. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 10(4), 91–113.
  23. Labetubun, M. R., & Dewi, I. G. A. M. (2022). Organizational Commitment: It’s Mediating Role in the Effect of Human Resource Management Practices and Workplace Spirituality on Employee Performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(2), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.2.1279
  24. Lata, M., & Chaudhary, R. (2021). Workplace Spirituality and Experienced Incivility at Work: Modeling Dark Triad as a Moderator. Journal of Business Ethics, 174(3), 645–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04617-y
  25. Lee, J. (Jessie), Cho, J., Baek, Y., Pillai, R., & Oh, S. H. (2019). Does ethical leadership predict follower outcomes above and beyond the full-range leadership model and authentic leadership?: An organizational commitment perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 36(3), 821–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9596-6
  26. Mansoara, N., & Armanu, A. P. (2021). the Effect Between Ethical Climate and Organizational Culture on Deviant Behavior Through Organizational Commitment As a Mediation Variable (Studies on Civil Servants At the Regional Secretariat Manokwari Regency Government). South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 24(1), 1.
  27. Mary, M. E. M. T., & Ozturen, A. (2019). Sustainable ethical leadership and employee outcomes in the hotel industry in Cameroon. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082245
  28. Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426–447. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810310484172
  29. Mowday, R. T. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(75)90174-X
  30. Nasim, A., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2021). Is Ethicality Itself a Boundary Condition for Ethicality: The Complementary Role of Employees’ Exchange Ideology and Moral Awareness in Restricting the Effect of Ethical Leadership in Reducing Workplace Deviance. Global Journal of Educational Studies, 7(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.5296/gjes.v7i1.18860
  31. Nguyen, N. T. T., Nguyen, N. P., & Thanh Hoai, T. (2021). Ethical leadership, corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: A serial mediation model. Heliyon, 7(4), e06809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06809
  32. Onyeizugbe, C., Ndubuisi-okolo, P., & Ikhuenekhemhe, R. (2021). Workplace deviant behaviour and performance of Tertiary Institutions in Edo State , Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 5(9), 5(9):889-905.
  33. Otaye-Ebede, L., Shaffakat, S., & Foster, S. (2020). A Multilevel Model Examining the Relationships Between Workplace Spirituality, Ethical Climate and Outcomes: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 166(3), 611–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04133-8
  34. Pariyanti, E., Rosid, A., & Adawiyah, W. R. (2022). Workplace deviant behavior among employees of Islamic-based universities in Lampung: the moderating role of Islamic workplace spirituality. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(4), 1567–1591. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-03-2021-0089
  35. Pathak, D., & Srivastava, S. (2020). Combating deviant behaviour for strengthening organisational commitment: role of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 20(4), 534. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2020.108923
  36. Pratiwi, I. W., & Rahayu, A. M. (2022). PERCEIVED EXTERNAL PRESTIGE ON DEVIANT WORKPLACE BEHAVIOR WITH MEDIATION OF JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT. Journal of Applied Management (JAM), 20(3).
  37. Rajput, N., Sharma, J., & Jyotsna, M. (2020). An Empirical Study of Workplace Spirituality on Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Work Performance in Academic Institutions. Solid State Technology, 63(5), 1–16. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jyotsna-Oswal/publication/346974722_2510-Article_Text-4421-1-10-20201009/links/5fd708fe45851553a0b568dc/2510-Article-Text-4421-1-10-20201009.pdf
  38. Robbins, P. (2000). The rotten institution: corruption in natural resource management. Political Geography, 423–443. https://doi.org/10.18071/isz.68.409
  39. Rosid, A., Najmudin, N., & Suwarto, S. (2020). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction on the Relationship of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Justice on Workplace Deviance Behavior. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-8-2020.2301093
  40. Sadaf, M. A., & Yasmin, K. (2021). Ethical Leadership and Deviant Workplace Behavior: A Systematic Review. Journal of Contemporary Trends and Issues in Education, 1(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/10.55628/jctie.v1i1.5
  41. Sawitri, H. S. R., Suyono, J., Istiqomah, S., Sarwoto, & Sunaryo, S. (2021). Linking Leaders’ Political Skill and Ethical Leadership to Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Roles of Self-Efficacy, Respect, and Leader–Member Exchange. International Journal of Business, 26(4), 70–89.
  42. Shaheen, A., & Ghayas, M. M. (2022). Workplace Spirituality, Emotions, and Deviant Workplace Behavior. Reviews of Management Sciences, 4(1).
  43. Sheraz, A. (2020). Ethical leadership, a source of organizational commitment: A Pakistani corporate sector perspective. City University Research Journal, 10(10), 121–139. http://cusitjournals.com/index.php/CURJ
  44. Sony, M., & Mekoth, N. (2019). The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and job performance. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 9(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPMB.2019.097819
  45. Sugiyono, A. (2001). Renewable Energy Development Strategy in Indonesia : Cdm Funding. 64–69.
  46. Suliyanto, S., Rahab, R., & Chadi Mursid, M. (2020). Value of innovation to enhance marketing performance (clarification). SHS Web of Conferences, 86, 01023. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208601023
  47. Tiamboonprasert, W., & Charoensukmongkol, P. (2020). Effect of ethical leadership on workplace cyberbullying exposure and organizational commitment. Journal of Behavioral Science, 15(3), 85–100.
  48. Tufan, C., Namal, M. K., Arpat, B., Yesil, Y., & Mert, I. S. (2023). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Justice Perception on the Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Workplace Deviant Behaviors. Sustainability, 15(2), 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021342
  49. Utami, D. N., Suliyanto, & Gunistiyo. (2023). PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA, KEADILAN ORGANISASI, DAN REWARD TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN MELALUI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI (Studi Pada Tenaga Kependidikan SMK Negeri seKabupaten Pemalang). Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JEBA), 25(1), 36–46.
  50. Yasir, M., & Khan, N. (2020). Mediating role of employees’ trust in the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace deviance in the public sector hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1365/s42681-020-00010-5
  51. Yousaf, U., & Dogar, M. N. (2022). Historical Actualities of Workplace Spirituality. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 21(2), 497–510.